abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by a distinctive pattern of bone and joint destruction. RA patients have an increased risk of death. The incidence and prevalence of RA vary across populations, statistical methods, and disease definitions. In North America and Northern Eu...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Tobón GJ,Youinou P,Saraux A

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by relapses and remissions. The risk of acquiring this complex disease is associated with exposure to environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. The epidemiology of MS has been exte...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Milo R,Kahana E

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, is a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis. JIA is considered to be an autoimmune disease, which is a result of immune reaction caused or triggered by environmental factors...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Berkun Y,Padeh S

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic diseases of the intestinal tract which principally are composed of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The prevalence and incidence of both forms of IBD have historically been higher in developed countries with decreasing North-South gradient. However, more r...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Logan I,Bowlus CL

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and sporadic inclusion-body myositis (sIBM) constitute a heterogeneous group of subacute or chronic acquired skeletal muscle diseases. Known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), they all share the presence of considerable weakness due to muscle inflammation and necrosis...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Prieto S,Grau JM

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Since characterization of the extent to which particular combinations of autoimmune diseases (ADs) occur in excess of that expected by chance may offer new insights into possible common pathophysiological mechanisms, polyautoimmunity (i.e., ADs co-occurring within patients) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SL...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Rojas-Villarraga A,Toro CE,Espinosa G,Rodríguez-Velosa Y,Duarte-Rey C,Mantilla RD,Iglesias-Gamarra A,Cervera R,Anaya JM

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical treatment of autoimmune disorders presents a special challenge. For decades, most clinical regimens in autoimmunity has been largely symptomatic and non-disease specific. Although data from vigorous research has lead to accumulating knowledge on the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms of many autoimmune d...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Leung PS,Dhirapong A,Wu PY,Tao MH

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SERPINB3 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, SCCA1) is a member of the ov-serpins, a serine protease inhibitors family expressed in many cell types including normal epithelium, leukocytes, tumors of epithelial origin and primary liver cancer. Several studies, carried out in vitro and in vivo, have documented an importan...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Vidalino L,Doria A,Quarta S,Zen M,Gatta A,Pontisso P

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors offer a targeted therapeutic strategy that contrasts with the nonspecific immunosuppressive agents traditionally used to treat most inflammatory diseases. These biologic agents have had a significant impact in ameliorating the signs and symptoms of inflammatory rheuma...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Raychaudhuri SP,Nguyen CT,Raychaudhuri SK,Gershwin ME

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to cause acute and chronic liver disease, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated to autoimmune disorders, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia, primary glomerulonephritis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and post-transplant proliferative disorders. Progression to malignant ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Sansonno L,Tucci FA,Sansonno S,Lauletta G,Troiani L,Sansonno D

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NMO-IgG, the auto-antibody specific to the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel associated with the autoimmune inflammatory disease neuromyelitis optica (NMO), is considered to be an accurate serum biomarker and is thought to be an important contributor to NMO pathology. In this review, we summarize recent evidences from ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Saikali P,Cayrol R,Vincent T

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of autoantibodies (AAB) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) remains the hallmark of diagnosing autoimmune diseases despite the introduction of multiplex techniques. Non-organ specific AAB are screened in routine diagnostics by IIF on HEp-2 cells. However, IIF results vary due to objective (e.g., cell fixatio...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Hiemann R,Büttner T,Krieger T,Roggenbuck D,Sack U,Conrad K

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are divided into several functional subtypes involved in host defence, wound healing and immune regulation. In an alternate view, increased understanding of macrophage biology can also be gained by including anatomical location as a parameter. The focus of this review lies on tolerogenic features of macrop...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Wermeling F,Karlsson MC,McGaha TL

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early studies on vitamin D showed promise that various forms of the "vitamin" may be protective against chronic disease, yet systematic reviews and longer-term studies have failed to confirm these findings. A number of studies have suggested that patients with autoimmune diagnoses are deficient in 25-hydroxyvitamin D ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Albert PJ,Proal AD,Marshall TG

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) comprise a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases. The three best-studied subgroups are dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM) and sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM). The latter represents a steroid-refractory condition. PM and IBM are characterized by a cell-mediated ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Creus KK,De Paepe B,De Bleecker JL

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been noted since 1981 that late primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in adolescence or young adulthood can account for the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), including the association with higher socio-economic status, the latitudinal variation in prevalence, the effects of migration on the...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Pender MP

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies (ARA) are a specific marker for Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), associated to severe disease with major organ and diffuse cutaneous involvement. In our series, ARA were found in 19 of 216 sera, in 15 cases as isolated antibodies' specificity, with a statistically negative association with ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Cavazzana I,Ceribelli A,Airo' P,Zingarelli S,Tincani A,Franceschini F

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune diseases are systemic or organ-specific disorders that are the result of an attack of the immune system against the body's own tissue. Development of autoimmune disease is generally avoided by distinct mechanisms that silence adaptive self-reactive T or B cells. The innate immune system is critically involv...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Waldner H

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ontogenetic development of both the immune and the nervous system entirely depend on external environmental signals that induce a lifelong learning process. The resulting collective immunological knowledge about the external world is transmitted in an epi-genetic fashion to the offspring, but only from the materna...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Lemke H,Tanasa RI,Trad A,Lange H

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, occasionally life threatening, multisystem disorder. Patients suffer from a wide group of symptoms and have a variable prognosis that depends of the severity and type of organ involvement. The clinical manifestations include fever, skin lesions, arthritis, neurologic, r...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： García-Carrasco M,Jiménez-Hernández M,Escárcega RO,Mendoza-Pinto C,Galarza-Maldonado C,Sandoval-Cruz M,Zamudio-Huerta L,López-Colombo A,Cervera R

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective immune responses require the appropriate activation and differentiation of peripheral CD4(+) T cells. These processes need to be followed by the timely elimination of the responding T cells in order to restore T cell homeostasis. Defects in the appropriate regulation of T cell activation, expansion, and surv...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Pernis AB

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of anti-TNFalpha agents by analysing the principal clinical outcomes in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS:1010 patients who received no clinical benefit from previous treatment with methotrexate and/or other DMARDs, were subsequently treated with one or more ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Bazzani C,Filippini M,Caporali R,Bobbio-Pallavicini F,Favalli EG,Marchesoni A,Atzeni F,Sarzi-Puttini P,Gorla R

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare familial disease transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, characterized by arthritis, uveitis, skin rash and granulomatous inflammation. Until now BS has been observed in 136 persons belonging to 28 families as well as in 4 sporadic cases. The gene responsible for BS has recently been i...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Punzi L,Furlan A,Podswiadek M,Gava A,Valente M,De Marchi M,Peserico A

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A wide variety of rheumatic diseases has been documented in the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this conditions, physicians are refrained from using corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants agents because of the risk of favouring viral replication ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Galeazzi M,Giannitti C,Manganelli S,Benucci M,Scarpato S,Bazzani C,Caporali R,Sebastiani GD

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical and immunologic features of 6 patients with rheumatic disease and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) chronic infection, treated with anti-TNF alpha drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Six patients, with repeated positive serology for HCV infection, were affected by Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (4 cases), ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Cavazzana I,Ceribelli A,Cattaneo R,Franceschini F

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Different types of infection are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) through molecular mimicry or other mechanisms, but their role is disputed. Human studies support direct or indirect evidence of involvement of some viral and bacterial agents, but reports have provided conflicting and...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Tozzoli R,Barzilai O,Ram M,Villalta D,Bizzaro N,Sherer Y,Shoenfeld Y

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular obliteration, excessive extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis of the connective tissues of the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, heart, and kidneys. Numerous infectious agents (bacterial and viral) have been proposed as possible trig...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Randone SB,Guiducci S,Cerinic MM

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospasm of the peripheral arteries, causing pallor followed by cyanosis and redness with pain and sometimes paraesthesia, and, rarely, ulceration of the fingers and toes. Primary or idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) occurs without an underlying disease. Secondary...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： García-Carrasco M,Jiménez-Hernández M,Escárcega RO,Mendoza-Pinto C,Pardo-Santos R,Levy R,Maldonado CG,Chávez GP,Cervera R

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is an immunological disorder characterized by immune-complex-mediated systemic vasculitis involving small vessels, which may present with renal, cutaneous, rheumatologic, and/or neurological manifestations. Until recently, the possible appearance of anti-neuronal autoantibodies in periphera...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Alpa M,Ferrero B,Cavallo R,Naretto C,Menegatti E,Di Simone D,Napoli F,La Grotta R,Rossi D,Baldovino S,Sena LM,Roccatello D

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:Oxidation reactions can modify protein activity or specificity. Recently, a novel redox-reactive family of autoantibodies was described, which indicated involvement of altered antibodies (beside altered antigens) into autoimmune reactions. The aim of our study was to determine the binding capacity alterations of e...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Omersel J,Jurgec I,Cucnik S,Kveder T,Rozman B,Sodin-Semrl S,Bozic B

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is efficient in various immune mediated conditions. Various cardiovascular diseases are mediated by inflammatory processes and autoimmune mechanisms. Therefore, it seems conceivable to employ IVIG as an immunomodulating therapy in such indications. In this paper we review the possible...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Nussinovitch U,Shoenfeld Y

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders share a common pathologic pathway with aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins causing a disruption of particular neuronal networks. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the down-stream events following deposition of misfolde...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Neff F,Wei X,Nölker C,Bacher M,Du Y,Dodel R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology with a complex genetic basis that includes many susceptibility genes on multiple chromosomes. As complex human diseases like SLE involve multiple, interacting genetic and environmental determinants, identifying genes for complex tr...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Castro J,Balada E,Ordi-Ros J,Vilardell-Tarrés M

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-reactive lymphocytes form part of the peripheral repertoire in healthy individuals. Some of these cells are anergic classical lymphocytes, but a remarkable subset of self-reactive clones is related to innate immunity and many of them bear a partially activated phenotype. In the past few years growing evidence has...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Kristóf K,Erdei A,Bajtay Z

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system and the neuroendocrine system machinery modulate each other, including life events-induced stresses and interpersonal conflicts, promoting the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, overproduction of which influence behaviour. In addition, the balance of systemic and local pro-inflammatory cytokines...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Boscolo P,Youinou P,Theoharides TC,Cerulli G,Conti P

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The etiology of autoimmune diseases is multifactorial: genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immunological factors are all considered important in their development. Nevertheless, the onset of at least 50% of autoimmune disorders has been attributed to "unknown trigger factors". Physical and psychological stress has b...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Stojanovich L,Marisavljevich D

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis; B-cell expansion is the biological substrate of the disease. It can be regarded as benign lymphoproliferative condition that may evolve to frank lymphoma. HCV infection is the main causative factor of MC, as well as of other overlapping disorders, thro...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Ferri C,Antonelli A,Mascia MT,Sebastiani M,Fallahi P,Ferrari D,Giunti M,Pileri SA,Zignego AL

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compared to lower metazoans, vertebrates built up an exclusively new set of adhesion-related genes involved in the tissue development and in their functions. They include a large variety of extracellular matrix proteins and their heterodimeric integrin adhesive receptors. Integrins control the adhesive state of the ce...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Napione L,Cascone I,Mitola S,Serini G,Bussolino F

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders constitute one of the most common clinical presentations to clinical care givers. Within this category of illnesses, systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Stinton LM,Fritzler MJ

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common unique form of inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. Its exact prevalence is unknown but 5-30% of the 2-3% of subjects of the general population affected with psoriasis are developing PsA. Typically PsA presents as an oligoarticular asymmetrical arthritis with predomin...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Kaltwasser JP

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00